Which biogeochemical cycle requires solar energy to move components

Correct answer: A) Water cycle.
The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the biogeochemical cycle that requires solar energy to move components from the Earth's surface into the atmosphere.

Here's how the water cycle works:
Solar energy heats up water bodies (oceans, lakes, rivers) on the Earth's surface, causing evaporation and the release of water vapor into the atmosphere.
The water vapor in the atmosphere condenses, forming clouds, and eventually precipitates back to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation.
The precipitation replenishes surface water bodies and groundwater, completing the cycle.
In contrast, the other biogeochemical cycles (phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon) do not have a significant atmospheric component driven by solar energy. These cycles primarily involve the movement of elements through the Earth's biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, without a major atmospheric phase.

Therefore, the water cycle is the only one among the options that requires solar energy to move components from the Earth into the atmosphere.